Morphometric Analysis of a Drainage Basin

Basin K — Kharicha Sub-Watershed · Fluvial Geomorphology & Seasonal Hydrology Practical
IGRI · Indian Geomatics Research Institute

What is morphometric analysis? It is the quantitative, mathematical and statistical study of the size, shape and structure of a drainage basin and its stream network, measured off a topographic sheet or a DEM. It matters operationally because a basin's shape, drainage density and relief control how quickly rainfall converts to streamflow — which is exactly what changes with the seasons.

Your task: Basin K is a sub-watershed within IGRI's regional groundwater-recharge study area, delineated from a 1:50,000 topographic sheet. Using the given stream-order data and basin parameters below, compute Basin K's linear, areal, shape and relief morphometric parameters, then interpret what they imply for its seasonal drainage/flood behaviour ahead of the pre-monsoon field visit.

Expected output: a completed morphometric worksheet (12 computed parameters across 4 steps) plus a one-line, evidence-based interpretation of Basin K's likely seasonal streamflow response — to be shared with the field team. This exercise is marked out of 15 across 5 short steps (see the marking scheme below). Work through the steps in order; once a step is checked correct you can look back at it any time, but you cannot change what you entered.

📘 Method & Marking Scheme (click to expand / collapse)

Linear Aspects

Rb = Nᵤ / Nᵤ₊₁   |   Rbm = mean of consecutive Rb values (Horton 1945; Strahler 1957)

Areal Aspects

Dd = ΣLᵤ / A  |  Fs = ΣNᵤ / A  |  Dt = ΣNᵤ / P

Basin Shape

Rf = A / Lb²  |  Rc = 4πA / P²  (Miller 1953)  |  Re = (2/Lb)·√(A/π)  (Schumm 1956)

Relief Aspects

H = Hmax − Hmin  |  Rr = H / Lb  |  Rn = H × Dd  (H converted to km for Rr and Rn)

Where: A = basin area (km²), P = basin perimeter (km), Lb = basin length (km), Nᵤ = number of stream segments of order u, Lᵤ = total length of streams of order u (km), Hmax/Hmin = highest/lowest basin elevation (m).

Basin Shape Classification (Schumm 1956, simplified)

Elongation Ratio (Re)Shape Class
> 0.9Circular
0.7 – 0.9Oval
< 0.7Elongated

Marking Scheme — 15 marks total

StepParametersMarks
1 — Linear AspectsΣNᵤ, ΣLᵤ, Rbm4
2 — Areal AspectsDd, Fs, Dt3
3 — Basin ShapeRf, Rc, Re3
4 — Relief AspectsH, Rr, Rn3
5 — InterpretationShape class, seasonal streamflow behaviour2
Total15

Each question's mark is locked in on your first attempt at that step. You may still retry a step to get the green checkmark and unlock the next one, but the marks reflect first-attempt accuracy only — just like a real practical exam. Numeric answers are accepted within the stated tolerance to allow for rounding.

📋 Given Data — Basin K (Kharicha Sub-Watershed) (click to expand / collapse)

Stream-Order Data

Basin Parameters

All data are synthetic, prepared for this training exercise only.

This exercise uses a simplified, illustrative stream network and a reduced Schumm shape-classification scheme for training purposes. In professional practice, stream ordering is done directly on a delineated DEM/topographic-sheet drainage network (typically Strahler ordering), and shape and relief indices are interpreted alongside rainfall, land use, soil and geology data — never from morphometry alone.